Dr. Robert Hayling, born on this day in 1929, was a key figure in the civil rights movement of St. Augustine, Florida and staunch advocate of armed self-defense within the black community. "We are not going to die like Medgar Evers."

Norman Thomas, born on this day in 1884, was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist activist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America.

On this day in 1969, a 19-month long occupation of Alcatraz Island began when 89 Native Americans and their supporters, led by Richard Oakes and Grace Thorpe, occupied and reclaimed the island as indigenous land.