On this day in 1964, Malcolm X delivered a speech at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio, discussing the strategies of electoralism and armed defense, stating "In 1964, it's the ballot or the bullet".
Isaac Deutscher, born on this day in 1907, was a Marxist author and activist who played an important role in the British New Left after being expelled from the Polish Communist Party for "exaggerating the danger of Nazism" in 1932.
Image: A photograph of Isaac Deutscher, unknown location and date. [jacobin.org]
On this day in 1948, the Korean Jeju Uprising began when 3,500 communists attacked police stations in Jeju, beginning a war with the US and Korean collaborators that resulted in ~15k civilians killed, almost all by state security forces.
Image: Major William F. Dean (second from left) who oversaw the brutal suppression of the Jeju islanders and was later captured by North Koreans visiting Jeju on May 5th, 1948, five days before the election. [radicalhistoryreview.org]